I. YAKOVLEV CHUVASH STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

proverbs, comparative semantics, structural model, cultural attitude, Swedish language, Russian language, friendship, enmity

The article presents a systemic-structural and linguocultural study of the proverbs with comparative semantics of the Swedish and Russian languages expressing the opposition “friendship – enmity”. The structural-semantic classification of the studied corpus of proverbial units in the two languages is given, the most characteristic models of proverbial structures for each language are highlighted. Against the background of the proverbs of comparative semantics of a number of other languages, an analysis of verbalized cultural attitudes and the imagery of proverbs is carried out. As a result of the comparative linguocultural analysis, conclusions are made about the similarities and differences between the proverbs of the Russian and Swedish languages. The similarities consist in the presence of coinciding types of structural models, the dominance of the model with a component expressed by an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree, the frequency of the axiological predicate bättre /лучше (better). The cultural attitudes of the proverbs of the two languages about the value of friendly relations, the importance of friends, the used images of jewelry and wine coincide. The differences are associated with the presence of a lacunary model of Russian proverbs with lexical means of expressing comparison, the ambivalence of assessment of the connection between family and friendly relations in Russian proverbs, and the prevalence of the subject code of culture in Swedish proverbs. Most of the identified cultural attitudes, as well as some images and metaphors, should be recognized as inherent in proverbs of comparative semantics in other languages.

Алёшин Алексей Сергеевич – кандидат филологических наук, заведующий кафедрой иностранных языков Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М. А. Бонч-Бруевича, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6058-8844, alexis001@mail.ru