| Keywords: | Chuvash writing, evolution, enlighteners, N. I. Zolotnitsky, N. I. Ilminsky, I. Ya. Yakovlev, V. A. Belilin, Russian alphabet, Chuvash ABC-books of 1871–1873
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| Abstracts: | The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that in the current conditions of modernization of the Russian school educational system, the study of the historical experience of outstanding teachers of the past, who stood at the origins of the national school and writing, is of lasting importance. The article examines the stages of the evolutionary development of the Chuvash script. This process was long, centuries-old and passed the ancient Chuvash-runic, Old-Chuvash and Modern-Chuvash stages. The ancient Chuvash script was based on Arabic and Runic alphabets. Throughout the period of Old Chuvash writing, the Russian alphabet was used. In the development of the new Chuvash alphabet, the role of N. I. Zolotnitsky and N. I. Ilminsky, who developed a new system of education for non-Russian peoples using their native language, is enormous. In the early 1870s, under the guidance of Professor N. I. Ilminsky, a group of students consisting of I. Ya. Yakovlev, V. A. Belilin, S. N. Timryasov began studying the sound system of the Chuvash language and in 1872 published an ABC-book, which was to be revised in 1873. The new alphabet went down in history as the "Yakovlev alphabet", which undoubtedly became a revolution in the cultural and educational life of the Chuvash of subsequent generations.
Following the principle of historicism, using both general scientific and specific historical research methods, the author in the article for the first time publicizes documents from the Scientific Archive of the Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, which allows for a new assessment of the contribution of educators to the development of the new Chuvash script.
The author comes to the conclusion that the process of the evolution of Chuvash writing was long and centuries-old. Representatives of many generations, both Russian and Chuvash intellectuals, made a huge contribution to its creation.
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| The contact details of authors: | Ефимов Лев Архипович – доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры отечественной и всеобщей истории Чувашского государственного педагогического университета им. И. Я. Яковлева, г. Чебоксары, Россия, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5458-8258, sorma-lev@rambler.ru
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